Carol’s research is focused on steroid hormone receptors (SHRs). In particular, her work involves studying the intracellular localization and trafficking (including nuclear import and export) of the human progesterone receptor. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of SHR activity will ultimately lead to the identification of better therapeutic targets or improved treatments of steroid-responsive cancers. Carol’s research integrates molecular biology, cell biology, and microscopy techniques with classical receptor pharmacology and pharmaceutical chemistry, thus creating a bridge between pharmacy and the basic sciences.
 
 

Steven Kern, will also be joining our department on January 1, 2000 as a tenure-track Assistant Professor. Steve comes to us from the Department of Anesthesiology at the School of Medicine, where he will maintain a joint appointment with our department being his home department. Dr. Kern received his B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from Cornell University, in 1983, M.S. (1986) and Ph.D. (1995) in Bioengineering from Pennsylvania State and University of Utah, respectively. Steve has been with the Department of Anesthesiology as an Assistant Professor since 1996. He recently became the Director of Anesthesia and Pain Research. Dr. Kern also has an adjunct appointment with the Department of Bioengineering.

Dr. Kern conducts research with an emphasis in modeling drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. This work has been directed towards understanding the concentration-effect relationship for anesthetics, analgesics, and muscle relaxants to optimize delivery of these agents commonly used in anesthesia and intensive care. In particular, his current work focuses on quantifying the interactions, which occur when these agents are given in combination, as is typically done in clinical practice. These drugs are well understood when given alone, but are often not well characterized for the degree of synergism that may occur when they are combined. The synergism can result in enhanced side effects, which offset the advantageous synergism effect. By creating surface maps that describe the interaction effects over the complete clinical range of dosing, dosing combinations, which minimize side effects while maximizing clinical effects may be identified.
 

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HISTORY OF THE DEPARTMENT

The University of Utah approved the opening of a College of Pharmacy beginning in 1946. Dr. Hiner began his duties as Dean of the College one year later. The new college was housed on the third floor of the women’s gymnasium. Physical facilities (desks, workbenches, and other essential facilities) were non-existent and had to be constructed in a makeshift manner. No chemicals were available except for the few which were contributed by other colleges. Most classes were taught in classrooms in other buildings, sometimes quite remote from the College of Pharmacy. Research projects were carried out in small rooms, or, in some cases, within the offices. Dean Hiner often used the phrase "we didn’t start from scratch—we had to make the scratch first." Dean Hiner served as the guiding force for the college until the department was authorized in 1965. At that time, one of the two approved departments was identified as the Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences (APS). At that time R.V. Petersen was asked to serve as department chairman. J.D. McMahon was the other member of the department faculty. The primary responsibilities of the faculty were to teach methods of compounding and dispensing pharmaceuticals. Labs were an integral part of these courses. Other courses taught included Cosmetics, Jurisprudence, History of Pharmacy, pharmacy business courses, and supervision of graduate student activities.

In October 1966, the new College of Pharmacy building, identified as L.S. Skaggs Hall, was completed and ready for occupancy. This facility provided adequate areas for offices, laboratories, classrooms, and other functions. This opened the door for many new activities. (Since that time, many alterations have been made to accommodate changes in teaching, research, and other functions.)

Two factors had an enormous influence on pharmaceutical education. The first was the explosive growth of the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry during and following WW-2. Mass production of ready-made dosage forms made the teaching of compounding skills of limited importance. The second factor was the emergence of new approaches to increasing the basic science content of the curriculum. Disciplines identified as physical pharmacy and pharmaceutics were being adopted by progressive colleges of pharmacy. At this point, the Department of APS elected to redesign it’s curriculum and adopt these latter goals. Dr. S.M. Fang, who had expertise in pharmaceutics, and Dr. J.R. Cardinal, who had expertise in physical pharmacy, were added to the faculty at this time. These actions proved to be well accepted and led to a change in the name of the department to Department of Pharmaceutics.

Another factor, which had a profound effect on the Department, was the increasingly significant research on development of artificial organs originated and directed by Dr. W. Kolff. This involved scientists from a broad range of academic disciplines. Many of the materials used in the search on artificial organs appeared to offer promise as possible devices for regulation of release of drugs, especially in the development of controlled-release pharmaceutical dosage forms. It was theorized that the department of Pharmaceutics could benefit from the technology being generated. A key participant in these programs was Dr. S. W. Kim, who initiated new research programs in drug delivery based on polymeric biomaterials. Dr. J.D. Andrade and Dr. Don Olson (director of the artificial heart program) could play important roles in pharmaceutical research. These scientists agreed to accept auxiliary appointments in the Department of Pharmaceutics. Through these three persons, highly qualified scientists throughout the world (USA, UK, Germany, The Netherlands, Scotland, Czechoslovakia, Japan and Korea etc.) were identified and cooperative programs were sought. These efforts were highly successful and several adjunct appointments and cooperative projects were realized. As anticipated some of the contributions to the pharmacy profession include the use of polymers in the formulation of controlled or sustained-release pharmaceuticals, transdermal drug delivery devices, self-regulated release of insulin, etc.

A highly significant event in the growth of pharmaceutics was the appointment of Dr. W.I. Higuchi as Chairman of the Department in 1982. Dr. Higuchi is one of the most respected scientists in the world in his areas of expertise - Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Biopharmaceutics. Since he was appointed chairman of the Department, productivity in scientific research, and related activities has gained international respect. He also negotiated a change in the name of the department to Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry. As department chairman, he made several key appointments to the faculty. These include Dr. J. Fox (dec.), Dr. B. Anderson, Dr. J. Herron, Dr. K. Knutson, Dr. J. Kopecek, and Dr. J. Balthasar.

The department has become a leader in receiving grants and awards. In recent years, faculty members in the department have received some very prestigious awards. Among these awards are notably, Dr. Higuchi’s Lifetime Achievement in Pharmaceutical Sciences Award, Dr. Kim’s election to the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences and Dr. Kopecek’s Controlled Release Society’s Founders Award.
 

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In Memoriam: Dr. Jeffery Lewis Fox

by Anil Chhettry

Dr. Jeffrey Lewis Fox, Associate Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, passed away on February 12, 1999 in Salt Lake City, Utah.

Dr. Fox spent his career in research that involved the demineralization and remineralization of dental enamel, and the physical and mathematical modeling of various pharmaceutical systems. He was author or co-author of about 90 research articles including some book chapters. He was also co-holder of a patent on the use of laser irradiation for the prevention and treatment of dental caries. He received several National Institutes of Health research grant awards in the areas of demineralization and remineralization of dental enamel. In addition, Dr. Fox took keen interest in the academic development of young scientists, and actively participated in various committees of the Department of Pharmaceutics, the College of Pharmacy, and the University of Utah.

Jeff was born in Columbus, Ohio, on March 29, 1947, son of Peter and Elaine Fox. He received his bachelor’s degree in pharmacy from Ohio Northern University in 1970 and a Ph.D. in pharmaceutical chemistry from the University of Michigan in 1977. As a devoted Research Assistant Professor, Dr. Fox continued his research in the area of mathematical modeling of pharmaceutical and biological systems at the University of Michigan. In 1982, he came to the University of Utah as a research faculty member in the Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry. He rose to the rank of Associate Professor with tenure in the department. Dr. Fox has mentored more than 20 Ph.D. graduate students, all of whom hold respectable positions in the pharmaceutical industry and other areas of pharmaceutical sciences. At the time of his death, he was the major professor or co-mentor of 5 graduate students and a postdoctoral fellow, all of whom were badly shaken by the loss. To them, Dr. Fox was a very close friend as well as mentor.

Dr. Fox was recognized for his research efforts and expertise by several organizations. The University of Michigan nominated him for the Chaim Weizman Fellowship in 1976. The American Pharmaceutical Association awarded him the Ebert Prize in 1980. He was invited regularly by the National Institutes of Health to evaluate research grant proposals. He was also a consultant for the American Dental Association for his expertise in the evaluation of the efficacy of oral-hygiene products. Dr. Fox was also serving as the Associate Editor of the Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences.

Dr. Fox was an excellent mathematician. He combined his mathematical skills with his vast knowledge of pharmaceutical sciences to develop several computer software programs, such as SCIENTIST, CHEMIST, and PKANALYST. These are used by scientists around the world, both in academia as well as in industry, for solving complex equations relating to diffusion, mass transport, kinetics, solution equilibria, etc.

Students of Dr. Fox remember him as an extremely devoted, friendly, and caring professor. He always had time not only for his students, but also for anyone who approached him for help, and he would enthusiastically share his vast knowledge freely and without pretension. For someone with such an in-depth and wide range of knowledge, Dr. Fox was a very humble person. He will be remembered for the warmth that he exuded at all times, and he will also be remembered for his attention to detail, his quest for accuracy, and his commitment to excellence. To honor Dr. Jeffrey Fox, the Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry has instituted an award in his name, to be given to a deserving graduate student each year. Generous donations from the many friends of Dr. Fox, that made the award possible, are greatly appreciated.

Dr. Fox is survived by his wife, Katherine; son, Aaron; daughter, Leah; parents, Peter and Elaine Fox; and brother, Kevin.

The department has established the Jeffrey L. Fox Memorial Fund in honor of Dr. Fox. This fund will be used to recognize an outstanding student each year. If you would like to donate to this fund please make checks payable to The Jeffrey Fox Memorial Fund in care of the department.
 

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Last year, under the direction (and prodding) of Dr. Andrade and under the continued support of Dr. Kopecek, the Student Advisory Committee (SAC) was organized to promote communication and interaction among students, faculty, staff and administrators. The SAC organizes academic and social activities within the department and is working to establish an AAPS student chapter.

Three representatives, one from each of the satellite buildings in the department, were elected to serve on the committee. The first year’s SAC consisted of Anthony Barry (Research Park), Jonathan Benns (CCCD) and Kevin Warner (Skaggs Hall). Ryan Hansen has since replaced Anthony Barry and Monica Tijerina has replaced Jonathan Benns. We’d like to thank Anthony for his commendable service as the first year chair. His excellent direction and leadership set the tone for the future of the committee. We also would like to thank Jonathan for his service and for being willing to act as advisor to the committee in the capacity of social director.
 

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ALUMNI AND FRIENDS BREAKFAST A GREAT SUCCESS

During the recent AAPS meeting the breakfast of the alumni and friends of the Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry took place in the Hilton Riverside on November 16, 1999. In spite of the early start (7 a.m.) more than 60 people took part. It was great seeing all of you and taking part in lively discussions about the past, present and future of the Department as well as to hear your experience from "out there". Thank you all for coming. We certainly hope to see you again next year in Indianapolis.

Meeting old friends and making new ones at the Annual Alumni Breakfast, 1999 AAPS Meeting, New Orleans, LA

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ALUMNI COLUMN

We are planning to have a regular alumni and friend column with contributions from you. Every year we shall highlight a successful alumnus or friend. This year’s choice is Dr. Charles "Chuck" Ebert, who graduated from our Department in 1981. We appreciate his support of the Department activities and wish him all the best for continuous success.

Dr. Charles Ebert was recently named Senior Vice President of Proprietary Research and Development for Watson Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and Executive Vice President of its wholly-owned subsidiary, Watson Laboratories, Inc.-Utah. Watson Labs-Utah is the former TheraTech, Inc. which Watson acquired in January 1999.

In his new position, Dr. Ebert heads all proprietary research and development activities for Watson, including associated formulation, clinical, and regulatory activities, and is responsible for all operations at the Salt Lake City facilities.

Watson develops and manufactures a wide variety of generic and branded dosage forms, and an expanding number of drug delivery products. The latter include transdermal patches, oral controlled release products, oral transmucosal tablets, and cell-targeted delivery systems for the treatment of selected cancers, products and technologies developed under Dr. Ebert.

Prior to the acquisition, Dr. Ebert headed research and development at TheraTech. He joined the company in 1987, just two years after it was founded, having previously held research positions with Cygnus, Ciba-Geigy, and Pfizer.

At TheraTech, Dr. Ebert was directly involved in the development of several commercially successful drug delivery products, while at the same time managing a research effort that filled the firm’s development pipeline with promising new products. The author of over 20 articles and book chapters, he also holds more than 30 US patents and patent applications for various pharmaceutical products.

He received a Ph.D. in Pharmaceutics from the Department of Pharmaceutics in 1981, and a B.S. in Biology, also from the University of Utah in 1977. Commenting on the Department’s role in his professional success, Dr. Ebert noted, "The curriculum and research programs at the Department of Pharmaceutics provided a unique training that was instrumental to my career in drug delivery research and development".

"In addition to the standard pharmaceutics curriculum," Dr. Ebert stressed, "the Department of Pharmaceutics provided exposure to a broad range of multi-disciplinary interactions and a strong emphasis on polymer chemistry and material science. This academic mix simply was not offered by most other schools. The classes and research programs of my Major Professor, Sung Wan Kim, and Professor Joe Andrade combined aspects of physical chemistry, material sciences, biology and traditional pharmaceutics that was an ideal background for my career in drug delivery research."

Dr. Ebert said, "The interaction with other departments and disciplines, such as those involved in the artificial organs programs, taught cooperative problem solving and the effectiveness of multi-disciplinary teams as the key to success in completing challenging technical goals. All of this prepared me for the professional activities in which I later became involved."

Dr. Ebert believes, "In addition to traditional pharmaceutical chemistry, future pharmaceutics graduate students will need even broader training, including in depth knowledge of biology, biotechnology and protein/peptide chemistry in order to compete in the new millennium." He added, "The future of the pharmaceutical industry is in biotechnology, so training in those areas is imperative. The role of drug delivery will also be critical in this evolving biotechnology/pharmaceutical industry. Under the leadership of Dr. Kopecek and the faculty of the Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, students are receiving a background and training that will uniquely qualify them for this exciting future."

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The International Symposia on Recent Advances in Drug Delivery Systems are organized biennially by the Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery and are chaired by S.W. Kim, J. Kopecek, and J. Anderson. This symposium has a worldwide reputation as being one of the best in drug delivery research, given the high scientific quality of research presented. Over 300 participants from all over the world regularly attend the Symposium. The audience consists of researchers from pharmaceutics, pharmaceutical chemistry, polymer science, cell and molecular biology, and medicine. Domestic and international participants, speakers and attendees, contribute to the multidisciplinary approach and progress in the understanding and development of drug delivery systems. This year, the Ninth International Symposium on Recent Advances in Drug Delivery Systems was held February 22-25 in the Salt Lake City Marriott. The topics covered included biological and physicochemical basis of controlled drug delivery, polymer and carrier design, targeted and site-specific drug delivery, novel delivery systems, transmembrane transport, and clinical and pharmaceutical aspects. The Symposium was held in honor of Joseph R. Robinson’s 60^th birthday. Joe is a pioneer in the areas of controlled drug delivery, ocular drug disposition and bioadhesives. We look forward to the Tenth International Symposium on Recent Advances in Drug Delivery Systems to be held February 19-22, 2001 at the Salt Lake City Marriott.
 

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Roy Kuramoto Fellowship

The Kuramoto Fellowship was established in 1992 to enable students who have a degree in pharmacy to complete graduate degrees in the pharmaceutical sciences. The fellowship is awarded annually to a promising first year graduate student at the College of Pharmacy. Dr. Kuramoto’s generous gift was motivated by his gratitude for an "excellent undergraduate education." The department is grateful for the Kuramoto Fellowship, which has been a continuing source of support for Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry graduate students.

Dr. Kuramoto was a member of the first graduating class in pharmacy in 1950. He obtained his Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin. He taught at Columbia and is now retired from a successful career in the pharmaceutical industry, where he was Vice President of Syntex Corporation, Inc. In 1989, Dr. Kuramoto received the Dean L. David and Janet C. Hiner Distinguished Pharmacy Alumni Award to recognize his generous support, his continuing active involvement in the pharmaceutical industry, and his service to education and our community.

Dr. Kuramoto credits his success to "the excellent undergraduate education he received at the College of Pharmacy." "The basic and diversified background in pharmacy was an excellent foundation for graduate studies, academic endeavors, and was very applicable in the pharmaceuticals industry."
 
 

Dinesh and Kalpana Patel Fellowship

The department is pleased to announce the establishment of the Dinesh and Kalpana Patel Fellowship in Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry. The fellowships will assist graduate students from the Patels’ native country of India during the first year of our doctoral program.

Dr. Patel is the former CEO and Chairman of the Board of Directors of TheraTech, Inc. Following TheraTech’s merger with Watson Pharmaceuticals in January of 1999, Dr. Patel left to found two pharmaceutical companies: Salus Therapeutics, which develops anti-sense therapeutics and Ashni Naturaceuticals, Inc. which develops high quality, clinically proven patented pharmaceuticals from natural sources. Dr. Patel is an internationally recognized scientist who has authored dozens of papers and presentations in addition to holding 13 U.S. patents and foreign counterparts. He obtained a BS in Pharmacy from Gujarat University of India, an MS in Pharmaceutics from the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science, and his Ph.D. in Physical Pharmacy from the University of Michigan.

Kalpana D. Patel was born in Gujarat India and received an MS in Chemistry from the Gujarat University. She worked in Dr. Sung Wan Kim’s Lab from 1985-1987, as a research scientist. Mrs. Patel now spends the majority of her time raising their two children Ashish, age 13 and Avni, age 11.

In addition to their other pursuits, Dr. and Mrs. Patel are very involved in the Utah community, serving on the Board of Directors of the Pioneer Theatre Company, Utah Opera Company, and the International Visitors Utah Council.
 

Higuchi Fellowship

We would like to thank Dr. William and Sets Higuchi for their continuous support of our graduate students by the Higuchi Fellowships. In the past several graduate students were awarded the fellowship; one fellowship is available for the 2000-2001 academic year.

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SUMMER UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAM

The Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship Program provides undergraduate students majoring in the basic sciences with the opportunity to gain first-hand experience in scientific research at a major academic institution. The Summer Undergraduate Research Program is a ten-week program during which time students conduct independent research under the supervision of senior faculty members applying chemical and mathematical principles to contemporary problems involving drugs and related molecules. Participants receive basic instruction in laboratory and research techniques, learn first-hand the use of specialized laboratory instrumentation, learn how to effectively search and study the scientific literature, and practice the presentation of their data in a student conference. The program is designed to provide maximum independence but sufficient guidance to ensure that students will obtain a complete research experience. Students pursuing a bachelor's degree in chemistry, engineering, biology, physics, mathematics, and pharmacy took part in the program. During the last 5 years 32 undergraduate students selected from 124 applicants spent their summer in our laboratories.

Shirley Poon, a junior from University of California, Berkeley who spent the last summer in our Department, describes her experience here:
 

"The most memorable experiences I had at the University of Utah were the challenges that I encountered during the intense 10-week internship program. I remember trying to synthesize a particular Geldanamycin drug conjugate using numerous chemical assays that had been suggested in different research papers. Oftentimes, I felt frustrated because my project didn’t seem to progress anywhere. But these challenges taught me that research takes a certain dedication, passion, and curiosity to stride into the unknown. It taught me that rewards are not easily attainable, and that a thesis paper takes years to prove. Research requires patience, prudence, and meticulousness: three qualities that make a successful scientist. I believe that one day, I will see myself in a white lab coat synthesizing different drugs and working in pursuit of a better society. I think I had inherited this optimism to pursue research when I was in Professor Kopecek’s group. Everyone was in pursuit of an anticancer agent that decreases toxicity, increases water solubility, and improves targeting. Each group member who specialized in a particular field conscientiously contributed and assisted the others. This made me feel like a part of the group that worked toward a common goal. In addition, the atmosphere in lab was always relaxing, yet at the same time rigorous. Professor Kopecek, who had met with me regularly, made sure I was on the right track, and I had resources available to me that allowed me to further my research. He gave me confidence in my pursuits and innovative ideas to expand my work. This internship gave me a chance to work closely with him, and to discover how much I have yet to learn."

The department wishes to acknowledge Dr. Higuchi for his continued generosity in funding this program. An additional thank you goes to the entire Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical faculty. Through their added funding we were able to admit two additional students to the program this summer.

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AWARDS AND HONORS 1998-99

Faculty

• Dr. Brad Anderson received the University of Utah 1999 Distinguished Research Award.
• Dr. William Higuchi was awarded the Nagai Distinguished Lectureship, Japan (1999).
• Dr. Sung Wan Kim was recently elected a member of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences (1999).
• Dr. Jindrich Kopecek was presented the Founders Award from the Controlled Release Society (1999), and the J. Heller Award for best paper published in the Journal of Controlled Release (with T. Minko, V. Pozharov and P. Kopeckova) in 1999. He was also elected a Fellow of Biomaterials Science and Engineering, International Union of Societies of Biomaterials Science and Engineering, 1999.

Students

• Anil Chhettry - Walter F. Enz Award from Pharmacia-Upjohn
• Tyler DeGraw - PhRMA Foundation Predoctoral Fellowship
• Peter Mayer - PhRMA Foundation Predoctoral Fellowship
• Jane-Guo Shiah - CRS-3M Pharmaceutical Student Outstanding Research Award
• Charu Kanwal – Kuramoto Fellowship
• Aparna Nori – Dinesh and Kalpana Patel Fellowship

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ANNUAL GIVING

As Dr Kopecek indicated in his message, your financial support is greatly needed if we are going to continue to attract outstanding graduate students. The future of the department is in your hands. We hope you can respond generously and help us continue to meet the industry’s needs.
 

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ACTIVE NIH/NSF GRANTS

• NIH Grant 1 RO1 GM51347-01; Permeabilities in Lipid Bilayer Membranes; B.D. Anderson, PI.
• NCI/NIH Contract NO1 CM 77108; Development of Dosage Forms and Delivery Systems for Antitumor and Anti-AIDS Agents; B.D. Anderson, PI.
• NIH Grant 1 RO1 NS39178-01; CNS Drug Delivery Strategies Targeting the HIV Sanctuary,B.D. Anderson, PI.
• NIH Grant (NIHLB) 96 SC1034 Multi-analyte Waveguide Immunosensing J. N. Herron, PI.
• NIH 5 RO1 DE6569-14: Quantitation of Enamel Demineralization Mechanisms, W. Higuchi, PI.
• NIH DK-50557 PEG Insulin for Enhanced Stability and Efficacy, S. W. Kim, PI.
• NIH DK-51689 Anti-GAD mAb Polymer Conjugates for Diabetes Treatment, S. W. Kim, PI.
• NIH GM/HL-56098 New Biodegradable Polymers for Protein Drug Delivery, S. W. Kim, PI.
• NIH CA51578, A Polymeric Drug Delivery System for Cancer Therapy, J. Kopecek, PI.
• NIH DK39544, Bioadhesive Polymers for Treatment of Colon Disease, J. Kopecek, PI.
• NIH GM50839, Degradable Hydrogels for Oral Delivery of Calcitonin, J. Kopecek, PI.
• NSF BES-9807287, Hybrid Hydrogels with Swelling Transitions Modulated by Protein Domains, J. Kopecek Co-PI.

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PAPERS PUBLISHED IN 1999

BRADLEY ANDERSON

T.-X. Xiang and B.D. Anderson, "Molecular dissolution processes in lipid bilayers: A molecular dynamics simulation," J. Chem. Phys., 110, 1807-1818 (1999)

M.D. Johnson and B.D. Anderson, "In Vitro Models of the Blood-Brain Barrier to Polar Permeants: Comparison of Transmonolayer Transport and Cell Uptake Kinetics using Cultured Cerebral Capillary Endothelial Cells," J. Pharm. Sci., 88, 620-625 (1999)

B.D. Anderson, "Can the Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability of a Compound be Predicted?, In Brain Barrier Systems," O. Paulson, G.M. Knudsen, T. Moos, Eds., Alfred Benzon Symposium 45; Munksgaard, Copenhagen, pp. 68-83 (1999)
 
 

JOSEPH ANDRADE

J.D. Andrade, C.Y. Wang, D.-J. Min, et.al "Toward Dollar Devices for Measuring Metabolic Biochemistry, Anti-microbial, Anti-infective Materials," Technomic Publishing Co., S.P. Sawan, G. Manivannan, eds, pp. 317-329 (1999)

J. Eu, J.D. Andrade, "Bioluminescence Assay for Galactokinase Activity, Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence," Perspectives for the 21^st Century, A. Roda, et al., eds., Wiley, pp. 489-492 (1999)

D.J. Min, J.D. Andrade, R.J. Stewart, "Specific Immobilization of in vivo Biotinylated-Bacterial Luciferase and FMN:NAD(P)H Oxidoreductase," Anal. Biochem., 270, 133-139 (1999)

D.J. Min, R.J. Stewart, J.D. Andrade, "Biosensor for Phenylalanine based on Bacterial Bioluminescence, Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence," Perspectives for the 21^st Century, A. Roda, et al., eds., Wiley, pp. 520-523 (1999)

J-Y. Eu, C-Y Wang, J.D. Andrade, "Homogeneous Bioluminescence Assay for Galactosuria: Interference and Kinetic Analysis," Anal. Biochem., 271, 168-176 (1999)
 
 

JAMES HERRON

N.Y. Rapoport, J.N. Herron, W.G. Pitt, L. Pitina, "Micellar Delivery of Doxorubicin and Its Paramagnetic Analog, Ruboxyl, to HL-60 Cells: Effect of Micelle Structure and Ultrasound on the Intracellular Drug Uptake," J. Controlled Rel., 58, 153-162 (1999)

T.E. Plowman, J.D. Durstchi, H.K. Wang, D.A. Christensen, J.N. Herron, W.M. Reichert, "Multiple-analyte Fluoroimmunoassay using an Integrated Optical Waveguide Sensor," Analytical Chem., 71 4344-4352 (1999)

E.A.A.M. Vernooij, C.A. Gentry, J.N. Herron, D.J.A. Crommelin, J.J. Kettenes-van den Bosch "¹H NMR Quantification of poly(Ethylene Glycol)-Phopha-tidylethanolamine in Phospholipid Mixtures," Pharmaceutical Res., 16, 1658-1661 (1999).

J.N. Herron, D.A. Christensen, H.-K. Wang, K.D. Caldwell, V. Janatova, S.-C. Huang (1999). Apparatus and methods for multi-analyte homogeneous fluoro-immunoassays. U.S. Patent 5,919,712 (issued on 7/06/99).

W.M. Reichert, J.N. Herron, D.A. Christensen, H.-K. Wang (1999). Integrated Optic Waveguide Immunosensor. U.S. Patent 5,961,924 (issued on 10/05/99).
 

WILLIAM HIGUCHI

W.I. Higuchi, S.K. Li, A-H Ghanem, H. Zhu, Y. Song, "Mechanistic Aspects of lontophoresis in Human Epidermal Membrane," J. Controlled Rel., 62, 13—23 (1999)

A.A. Baig, J.L. Fox, R.A. Young, W.I. Higuchi, Z. Wang, J. Hsu, A. Chhettry, H. Zhuang, M. Otsuka, "Relationships Between Carbonated Apatite Solubility, Crystallite Size, and Microstrain Parameters," Calcif. Tissue Int., 64, 437-449 (1999)

A.A. Baig, J.L. Fox, Z. Wang, W.I. Higuchi, S.C. Miller, A.M. Barry, M. Otsuka, "Metastable Equilibrium Solubility Behavior of Bone Mineral," Calcif. Tissue Int., 64, 329—339 (1999)

S.K. Li, A-H Ghanem, K.D. Peck, W.I. Higuchi, "Pore Induction in Human Epidermal Membrane During Low to Moderate Voltage lontophoresis: A Study Using A.C. lontophoresis," J. Pharm. Sci., 88, 419-427 (1999)

A. Chhettry, Z. Wang, J. Hsu, J.L. Fox, A.A. Baig, A. Barry, H. Zhuang, M. Otsuka, W.I. Higuchi, "Metastable Equilibrium Solubility distribution of Carbonated Apatite as a Function of Solution Composition," J. Colloid Interface Sci., 218, 57-67 (1999)

A.Chhettry, Z. Wang, J.L. Fox, A.A. Baig, H. Zhuang, W. I. Higuchi, "Use of Dicalcium Phosphate dihydrate as a Probe in an Approach for Accurate calculations of Solutions Equilibria in Buffered Calcium Phosphate Systems," J. Colloid Interface Sci., 218, 47-56 (1999)

S. K. Li, A.-H. Ghanem, W.I. Higuchi, "Pore Charge Distribution Considerations in Human Epidermal Membrane Electroosmosis," J. Pharm. Sci., 88, 1044-1049 (1999)

M.I. Afouna, S.C. Mehta, A.-H. Ghanem, W.I. Higuchi, E.R. Kern, E. DeClercq, H.H. El-Shattawy, "The Influence of the Treatment Protocol upon the In Vivo Efficacy of Cidofovir (HPMPC) and of Acyclovir (ACV) Formulations in Topical Treatment of Cutaneous HSV-1 Infection in Hairless Mice," J. Pharm. Sci., 88, 530-534 (1999)

M. Otsuka, K. Yoneoka, Y. Matsuda, J.L. Fox, W.I. Higuchi, "Effect of Plasma-calcium-level-responsive Oestradiol Release from Apatitic Bone Cement on Bone Mineral Density in Ovariectomized Rats," J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 51, 475-481 (1999)
 

SUNG WAN KIM

B.-M. Jeong, Y.H. Bae, S.W. Kim, "Thermoreversible Gelation of PEG-PLGA-PEG Triblock Copolymer Aqueous Solutions," Macromolecules, 32, 7064-7069 (1999)

H. von Recum, T. Okano, S.W. Kim, P.S. Bernstein, "Maintenance of Retinoid Metabolism in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cell Culture," Exp. Eye Res., 69, 97-107 (1999)

V. Menard, J. Jacobs, H.-S. Jun, J.-W. Joon, S.W. Kim, "Anti-GAD Monoclonal Antibody Delays the Onset of Diabetes Mellitus in NOD Mice," Pharmaceutical Res., 16, 1059-1066 (1999)

H. von Recum, A. Kikuchi, M. Yamato, Y. Sakurai, T. Okano, S.W. Kim, "Growth Factor and Matrix Molecules Preserve Cell Function on Thermally Responsive Culture Surfaces," Tissue Eng., 5, 251-256 (1999)

"An Interview with Professor Sung Wan Kim," Pharmaceutical Res., 16, 1149-1152 (1999)

J.S. Park, Y. Lim, Y. Kwon, B. Jeong, Y.H. Choi, S.W. Kim, "Liposome Fusion Induced by pH-Sensitive Copolymer: Poly(4-vinylpyridine-co-N,N’-diethylamino-ethyl methacrylate)," J. Polymer Sci., 37, 2305-2309 (1999)

C. Ganorkar, M. Baudys, S.W. Kim, "Modulating Insulin Release Profile From pH/Thermosensitive Polymeric Beads Through Polymer Molecular Weight," J. Controlled Rel., 59, 287-298 (1999)

H.C. Kim, Y.H. Bae and S.W. Kim, "Innovative Ambulatory Drug Delivery System Using an Electrolytic Hydrogel Infusion Pump," IEEE Transactions Biomed. Eng., 46, 663-669 (1999)

C. Ganorkar, F. Liu, M. Baudys, S.W. Kim, "Polymer Molecular Weight Alters Properties of pH/Temperature-Sensitive Polymeric Beads," Pharmaceutical Res., 16, 819-827 (1999)

S.W. Choi, S.Y. Choi, B.-M. Jeong, S.W. Kim, D. S. Lee, "Thermoreversible Gelation of Poly(ethylene oxide) Biodegradable Polyester Block Copolymers, II.," J. Polymer Sci., Part A: Polymer Chem., 37, 2207-2218 (1999)

B. Jeong, D.S. Lee, J.-I. Shon, Y.H. Bae, S.W. Kim, "Thermoreversible Gelation of Poly(ethylene oxide) Biodegradable Polyester Block Copolymers," J. Polymer Sci., Part A: Polymer Chem., 37, 751-760 (1999)

T. Uchio, M. Baudys, F. Liu, S.C. Song, S.W. Kim, "Site-Specific Insulin Conjugates with Enhanced Stability and Extended Action Profile," Adv. Drug Delivery Rev., 35, 289-306 (1999)

B. Vernon, S.W. Kim, Y.H. Bae, "Insulin Release From Islets of Langerhans Entrapped in a Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) Polymer Gel," J. Biomater. Sci. Polymer Edn, 10, 183-198 (1999)

C. Ganorkar, F. Liu, M. Baudys, S.W. Kim, "Temperature- and pH-Responsive Polymers for Controlled Polypeptide Drug Delivery," ACS Symp. Ser. 726, 322-335 (1999)

B. Jeong, Y.M. Bae, S.W. Kim, "Biodegradable Thermosensitive Micelles of PEG–PLGA–PEG Triblock Copolymers," J. Coll. Surfaces B., 16, 185-193 (1999)

Y.H. Choi, F. Liu, J.S. Choi, J.S. Park, S.W. Kim, "Characterization of a Targeted Gene Carrier, Lactose-Polyethylene Glycol-Grafted Poly-L-Lysine, and Its Complex with Plasmid DNA," Human Gene Therapy, 10, 2657-2665, (1999)
 

JINDRICH KOPECEK

C. Wang, R.J. Stewart, J. Kopecek, "Hybrid Hydrogels Assembled from Synthetic Polymers and Coiled-Coil Protein Domains," Nature, 397, 417-420 (1999)

Z.-R. Lu, P. Kopeckova, J. Kopecek, "Polymerizable Fab’ Antibody Fragments for Targeting of Anticancer Drugs," Nature Biotechnology, 17, 1101-1104 (1999)

T. Minko, P. Kopeckova, J. Kopecek, "Comparison of the Anticancer Effect of Free and HPMA Copolymer-bound Adriamycin in Human Ovarian Carcinoma Cells," Pharmaceutical Res., 16, 986-996 (1999)

V. Omelyanenko, P. Kopeckova, R.K. Prakash, C.D. Ebert, J. Kopecek, "Biorecognition of HPMA Copolymer – Adriamycin Conjugates by Lymphocytes Mediated by Synthetic Receptor Binding Epitopes," Pharmaceutical Res., 16, 1010-1019 (1999)

T. Minko, P. Kopeckova, J. Kopecek, "Chronic Exposure to HPMA Copolymer-bound Adriamycin does not Induce Multidrug Resistance in a Human Ovarian Carcinoma Cell Line," J. Controlled Rel., 59, 133-148 (1999)

M. Dvorak, P. Kopeckova, J. Kopecek, "High-Molecular Weight HPMA Copolymer – Adriamycin Conjugates," J. Controlled Rel., 60, 321-332 (1999)

J.-G. Shiah, Y. Sun, C.M. Peterson, J. Kopecek, "Biodistribution of Free and N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)-methacrylamide Copolymer-Bound Meso Chlorin e₆ and Adriamycin in Nude Mice Bearing Human Ovarian Carcinoma OVCAR-3 Xenografts," J. Controlled Rel., 61, 145-157 (1999)

J.M. Lu, C.M. Peterson, J.G. Shiah, Z.-W. Gu, C.A. Peterson, R.C. Straight, J. Kopecek, "Cooperativity between Free and N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)meth-acrylamide Copolymer Bound Adriamycin and Mesochlorin e₆ Monoethylene Diamine Induced Photodynamic Therapy in Human Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma In Vivo," Int. J. Oncology, 15, 5-16 (1999)

R.H. Lu, P. Kopeckova, J. Kopecek, "Degradation and Aggregation of Human Calcitonin In Vitro," Pharmaceutical Res., 16, 359-367 (1999)

J.D. Spikes, H.-R. Shen, P. Kopeckova, J. Kopecek, "Photodynamic Crosslinking of Proteins. III. Kinetics of the FMN- and Rose Bengal-sensitized Photooxidation and Intermolecular Crosslinking of Model Tyrosine-containing N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)meth-acrylamide Copolymers," Photochem. Photobiol., 70, 130-137 (1999)

Z.-R. Lu, P. Kopeckova, Z. Wu, J. Kopecek, "Synthesis of Semitelechelic Poly[N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)meth-acrylamide] by Radical Polymerization in the Presence of Alkyl Mercaptans," Macromol. Chem. Phys., 200, 2022-2030 (1999)

W.-M. Choi, P. Kopeckova, T. Minko, J. Kopecek, "Synthesis of HPMA Copolymers Containing Adriamycin Bound via an Acid-labie Spacer and its Activity toward Human Ovarian Carcinoma Cells," J. Bioact. Compatible Polym., 14, 447-456 (1999)

H.-R. Shen, J.D. Spikes, C.J. Smith, J. Kopecek, "Photodynamic Crosslinking of Proteins IV. Nature of the His-His bond(s) Formed in the Rose Bengal-photosensitzed Crosslinking of N-Benzoyl-L-Histidine," J. Photochm. Photobiol., A: Chem., 130, 1-6 (1999)

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FACULTY TRAVEL

On the Road…

Dr. Bradley Anderson- As an AAPS Member-at-Large and also as Chair of the Pharmacology Study Section of the NIH in 1999 it almost seemed as though I was commuting between Salt Lake City and Washington DC. Fortunately, my tenure on the Pharmacology Study Section ended this year and not all of the AAPS leadership meetings were held in DC. One meeting last winter, for example, was held in the Florida Keys - perhaps to provide a more "central" location for those members who reside in the southeast. Then, of course, there were the visits to the University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, which ultimately led to my acceptance of the position as Chair of the Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences beginning in spring of 2000. Most memorable for my family and me was our trip in May to Paris and then St. Remy in Provence (southern France) to attend a small scientific conference courtesy of the Gattefoss corporation. The opportunities to practice my defensive driving skills were especially exciting, particularly in Paris, where apparently the best defense is a good offense.
 

Dr. James Herron organized and chaired a podium session entitled "Diagnostic Uses of Optical Biosensors" at BiOS ‘99, an international biomedical optics symposium held in San Jose, California, January 23-28, 1999. He was also invited to give a presentation entitled "Clinical Diagnostics Assays Based on Planar Waveguide Fluorescence Sensors" at the 4^th International Weber Symposium on Innovative Fluorescence Methodologies in Biochemistry and Medicine, held June 23-27, 1999 at Kaanapali, Maui, HI.
 

Dr Sung Wan Kim was co-chair of the 9^th International Symposium on Recent Advances in Drug Delivery Systems held in February in Salt Lake City, and has extensively traveled this past year to participate in the following symposiums and seminars: 5^th U.S.-Japan Drug Delivery Symposium, Maui, Hawaii, "Tailor-Made Polymers for Gene Delivery" Biomedical Polymers for the 21^st Century—Molecular Design and Dynamics (honoring Prof. V.Z. Kabanov’s 65^th birthday), Sapporo, Japan, "Novel Biodegradable Polymers for Delivery of Bioactive Agents" Biomaterials for 21^st Century, Tokyo, Japan, Special Symposium honoring Professor Y. Sakurai, The 5^th International Symposium on Polymers for Advanced Technologies, Tokyo, Japan, "New Biodegradable Polymers for Drug Delivery" Purdue University—Seminar, "Polymeric Gene Delivery Systems" Korean Medical Society, Annual Meeting, Plenary Lecture, "New Biomaterials for Cell and Gene Delivery" Korean Polymer Society, Plenary Lecture, "Functional Biodegradable Polymers for Gene and Cell Delivery, Special Lecture at Korean Congress, "Medical Polymers for Artificial Organs and Therapeutic Applications"
 

Dr. Henry Kopecek was co-chair of the 9^th International Symposium on Recent Advances in Drug Delivery Systems held in February in Salt Lake City, and gave invited lectures that include the 26^th Int. Symposium organized by the Controlled Release Society in Boston, World Congress of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Barcelona, Spain, Annual Meeting of the Swiss Biomaterials Society in Zurich, Brigham Young University, University of Washington, University of Tokyo, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Forum for Pharmaceutical Technology Innovation in Tokyo, Sankyo Co. in Tokyo, and at GelTex, Waltham, MA.
 
 

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